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Coordinate System  

Synopsis 

* The distance between two points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2, y2) in the plane is denoted by PQ and is given by 
Section Formula
Let A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) be any two points in the plane, the coordinates of the point which divides   in the ratio m : n are  
* The division is called Internal if   is positive and External if  is negative.
* The area of  where      A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3).
* The area of quadrilateral  
Concurrent lines, point of concurrency
        Three or more straight lines are said to be concurrent if all the straight lines have exactly one point in common and this common point is called point of concurrency.

Median and Centroid
        In a triangle the line segment joining a vertex to the mid point of the opposite side is called Median and the point of concurrency of Medians is called Centroid.
If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) are the vertices of triangle, then the centroid of ∆ ABC

Angular bisectors - Incentre - Excentre
        The bisectors of the internal angles of a triangle ABC are concurrent. The point of concurrency is called Incentre, it is denoted by 'I'. The bisector of internal angle 'A' and the bisectors of external angles B and C are concurrent and the point of concurrency is called the Excenter opposite to the vertex 'A' and it is denoted by I1.
Let AB = c, BC = a, CA = b, then

 
     


 

Orthocenter and Altitudes
        In a triangle the perpendicular from a vertex to the opposite side is called Altitude and point of concurrency is called Orthocentre.
Perpendicular bisector of sides - Circumcenter


        The perpendicular bisector of sides are concurrent and the point of concurrency is called Circumcenter.
Let P(x, y) be a point in the original co-ordinate system.
If the axes are rotated through an angle '', then
i) The coordinates (x, y) of a point P are transformed as (x', y') = (x cos + y sin − xsin + y cos )
ii) The equation f(x, y) = 0 of the curve is transformed as
f (x' cos − y' sin , x' sin + y'cos

) = 0

* If the origin is shifted to (h, k) and then the axes are rotated through an angle '', then

i) The coordinates (x, y) of a point P are transformed as (x', y') = (x cos + y sin - h,  
− x sin + y cos - k).
ii) The equation f (x, y) = 0 of the curve is transformed as f (x' cos - y' sin

+ h, -x sin + y cos - k) = 0.
* If we shift the origin to the point  then the 1st degree terms of equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is removed.
* If the axes are rotated through an angle  then the xy term is removed in the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
* Locus is the set of points that satisfy the given consistent geometric condition(s).
i.e.,  (i) Every point satisfying the given condition(s) is a point on the locus.
        (ii) Every point on the locus satisfies the given condition(s).
* Equation of the locus of a point is an "algebraic equation" in x and y satisfied by the points (x, y) on the locus alone (and by no other point).

Translation of axes - Definition

The transformation obtained by shifting the origin to a given different point in the plane without changing the directions of coordinate axes there in is called as translation of axes.
Let P(x, y) be a point in original coordinate system. If we shift the origin to the point O'(h, k), then new coordinates of the point P are (x', y'). 

(i) x = x' + h, y = y' + k
(ii) The  equation f(x, y) of the curve is transformed f(x' + h, y' + k) = 0

 

* Rotation of axes
        The transformation obtained by rotating both the coordinate axes in the plane by an equal angle without changing the position of the origin is called rotation of axes.

Posted Date : 17-02-2021

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గమనిక : ప్రతిభ.ఈనాడు.నెట్‌లో కనిపించే వ్యాపార ప్రకటనలు వివిధ దేశాల్లోని వ్యాపారులు, సంస్థల నుంచి వస్తాయి. మరి కొన్ని ప్రకటనలు పాఠకుల అభిరుచి మేరకు కృత్రిమ మేధస్సు సాంకేతికత సాయంతో ప్రదర్శితమవుతుంటాయి. ఆ ప్రకటనల్లోని ఉత్పత్తులను లేదా సేవలను పాఠకులు స్వయంగా విచారించుకొని, జాగ్రత్తగా పరిశీలించి కొనుక్కోవాలి లేదా వినియోగించుకోవాలి. వాటి నాణ్యత లేదా లోపాలతో ఈనాడు యాజమాన్యానికి ఎలాంటి సంబంధం లేదు. ఈ విషయంలో ఉత్తర ప్రత్యుత్తరాలకు, ఈ-మెయిల్స్ కి, ఇంకా ఇతర రూపాల్లో సమాచార మార్పిడికి తావు లేదు. ఫిర్యాదులు స్వీకరించడం కుదరదు. పాఠకులు గమనించి, సహకరించాలని మనవి.

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