Englishలో A, An, The అనే పదాలను Articles అంటారు. వీటిని రెండు రకాలుగా విభజిస్తారు.
1) Indefinite article
2) Definite article
Indefinite article: The article which doesn’t tell the exact information about the subject is called Indefinite article (ఏ article అయితే subject గురించి కచ్చితమైన సమాచారాన్ని ఇవ్వదో దాన్ని Indefinite article అంటారు). Indefinite అంటే which is not definite అని అర్థం.
A girl is going on the road
A girl = any girl
Note: A girl అంటే Any girl అని అర్థం ఆమె ఎవరైనా కావచ్చు. ఏదైనా మతానికి, దేశానికి, ప్రాంతానికి, కులానికి చెందినవారు కావచ్చు. (ఫలానా అని తెలియదు)
She is asking an umbrella
an umbrella = any umbrella
Note: పై వాక్యంలో an umbrella అంటే any umbrella అనే అర్థం వస్తుంది. Umbrella ఫలానా colour, price ఏ కంపెనీ తయారు చేసింది అనే విషయాలు తెలియదు.
e.g.: A, An (Indefinite articles)
Usages: A, An ఎప్పుడు ఉపయోగించాలి?
1. In the meaning of ‘one’ (‘one’ అనే అర్థంలో)
e.g.: I want a pen (a pen = one pen)
She is asking an umbrella (an umbrella = one umbrella)
2. In the meaning of ‘any’ (‘any’ అనే అర్థంలో)
e.g.: send here a student (a student = any student)
Take a sarry (a sarry = any sarry)
3. In the meaning of ‘per’ (‘per’ అనే అర్థంలో)
e.g.: I can earn Rs.2000 an hour
an hour = per hour
My father draw’s Rs. 75,000 a month
a month = per month
4. In the meaning of ‘all’ (‘all’ అనే అర్థంలో )
e.g.: A rose is a beautiful flower
A rose = All roses
A cow is a domestic animal
A cow = All cows
5. In the meaning of ‘single’ (‘single’ అనే అర్థంలో )
e.g.: Devi didn’t speak a word in the meeting
a word = single word
6. In comparisons (పోల్చే సందర్భంలో)
Manohar is a Kumbakarna.
పై వాక్యంలో Manohar కుంభకర్ణుడికి ఉన్న లక్షణాలు ఉన్నాయి. అదే అర్థాన్ని ఇచ్చేది.
Ramesh is a Sachin Tendulkar.
పై వాక్యంలో Ramesh క్రికెట్ బాగా ఆడతాడు అని అర్థం. ఇక్కడ రమేష్ను సచిన్ టెందూల్కర్తో పోల్చుతున్నామని అర్థం.
7. In exclamatory sentences
What a beautiful girl you are!
What an Idea it is!
8. To denote Unknown persons (అపరిచిత వ్యక్తుల గురించి చెప్పే సందర్భంలో)
A Mr John came here for you yesterday
పై వాక్యంలో John అనే వ్యక్తి Speaker కు తెలియదు అని అర్థం. Proper Noun ముందు A, An వస్తే ఆ సంబంధిత వ్యక్తి Speaker కు పరిచయం లేదనే అర్థం వస్తుంది.
9. To denote professions (వృత్తులు)
Kalyani is a teacher.
Nagesh is an engineer.
10. Before few, little in the meaning of ‘some’
[some అనే అర్థంలో few, little అనే పదాల ముందు]
Few, little (-) Nothing (ఏమీ లేదు)
a few, a little (+) some (కొన్ని, కొంచెం, కొంత)
e.g.: Few students attended the class yesterday
Few students = No student = ఎవ్వరూ హాజరు కాలేదు
A few students can solve this problem.
A few students = some students = కొంత మంది విద్యార్థులు
A, An ల చిన్న చిట్కా
An ⇒ అ .......అః
A ⇒ క .......క్ష
A, An లు అనేవి Singular countable nouns ముందు ఉపయోగించాలి. English ఉండే పదాన్ని పలికే సందర్భంలో మొదటి అక్షరం (First letter) -‘అ’ నుంచి ‘అః’ మధ్యన వస్తే ఆ పదం ముందు‘an’ వాడాలి.
Englishఉండే పదాన్ని పలికే సందర్భంలో మొదటి క్షరం (First letter) -‘క’ నుంచి ‘క్ష’ మధ్యన వస్తే ఆ పదం ముందు ‘a’ వాడాలి.
ఉదాహరణలు
an American (అమెరికన్)
an onion (ఆనియన్)
an ingloo (ఇగ్లూ)
an ice cream (ఐస్క్రీం)
an owl (ఔల్)
an elephant (ఎలిఫెంట్)
a Telugu teacher (తె)
an English teacher (ఇ)
an Anglo Indian (ఆ)
an Iron box (ఐ)
a question (క్వ)
an answer (ఆ)
an event (ఈ)
an accident (ఏ)
a dancer (డా)
an 11 year girl (ఇ)
a classmate (క్షా)
a rowdy (రౌ)
a criminal (క్రి)
a terrorist (టె)
a Naxalite (న)
a University (యూనివర్సిటీ)
a Union (యు)
a unit (యు)
a uniform (యు)
a unique person (యు)
a European (యు)
H - Silent words
an hour (అవర్)
an honour (ఆనర్)
an heir (ఎర్ వారసుడు)
an heiress (ఎరెస్, వారసురాలు)
an honest man (ఆనెస్ట్)
కింది letters ను ఇలా పలకాలి
L = el = ఎల్ (YAL = యల్) X
M = em = ఎమ్ (YAM = యమ్) X
N = en = ఎన్ (YAN = యన్) X
R = ar = ఆర్ (YAR = యార్) X
X = ex = ఎక్స్ (YAX = యక్స్) X
H = eh = ఎచ్ (YACH = యచ్) X
F = ef = ఎఫ్ (YAFF = యఫ్) X
S = es = ఎస్ (YAS = యస్) X
an LLB person (ఎల్ఎల్బీ)
an MLA (ఎమ్మెల్యే)
an MP (ఎంపీ)
an MRO (ఎమ్మార్వో)
an MPTC (ఎంపీటీసీ)
an MLC (ఎంఎల్సీ)
an NRI girl (ఎన్ఆర్ఐ గర్ల్)
an RMP doctor (ఆర్ఎమ్పీ డాక్టర్)
an x-ray (ఎక్స్రే)
an HMT watch (ఎచ్ఎంటీ వాచ్)
an FIR (ఎఫ్ఐఆర్)
an SI Student (ఎస్సై స్టూడెంట్)
Questions in Previous exams
1. ....... Carbon diaxide extinguiser is ....... best thing to put out an electric fires. (2016 పోలీస్ ఎగ్జామ్స్)
1) an, the 2) the, a 3) the, the 4) a, the
2. At the university, I learnt how to be ....... god citizen. (2016 పోలీస్ ఎగ్జామ్స్)
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) None
3. ....... Old man at the bus stop is ....... notorious criminal. (2016 పోలీస్ ఎగ్జామ్స్)
1) an, the 2) the, a 3) an, a 4) a, the
Answers: 1-4, 2-1, 3-3.
Practice bits
1) I read the Hindu news paper every day.
2) Latha is a arrogant girl.
3) This is a unique thing.
4) Swimming is a good exercise.
5) Nara Chandra babu Naidu is an MLA.
6) Many a student thinks that he is clever.
7) He made a mistake.
8) Yesterday was a holiday.
9) I found an egg here.
10) He uses an old laptop.
11) Dr. Sarvepalli was an educationalist.
12) Veerappan was a notorious dacoid.
13) Satyabhama college is an autonomous college.
14) It is a genuine product.
15) He is an Indian soldier.
16) Her husband is an african.
17) Kalidas was a Shakespeare.
18) Ceylon is an island.
19) English is an international language.
20) French is an easy language.
21) He is an extraordinary man.
22) The govt of Telangana passed an order.
23) Iron is a useful metal.
24) What a marvelous catch it is!
25) I met a one eyed man yesterday.
26) This is a university.
27) He married an orphan.
28) The Ramayana is an epic.
29) The pacific is an ocean.
30) Gold is a precious metal.
Articles Part-2
Definite Article:
The article which tells the exact information about the subject in a sentence is called Definite article ( ఏ ఆర్టికిల్ అయితే సెంటెన్స్లో సబ్జెక్ట్ గురించి తగిన సమాచారాన్ని ఇస్తుందో దాన్ని Definite article అంటారు.
e.g.: The అది/ఆ - that particular
ఇది/ఈ - this particular
Usages: ‘The’ అనే పదాన్ని కింది సందర్భాల్లో ఉపయోగించాలి.
1. Before the names of Rivers (నదుల పేర్ల ముందు)
e.g.: The Ganga
The Godavari
The Nile
The Amazon is the largest river in the world
2. Before the names of Seas (సముద్రాల పేర్ల ముందు)
e.g.: The Red Sea
The Bay of Bengal
The water in The Dead sea is saltish
3. Before the names of Oceans (మహాసముద్రాల పేర్ల ముందు)
e.g.: The Pacific Ocean
The Indian Ocean
The Pacific is the deepest ocean in the world
4. Ranges of Mountains (పర్వత శ్రేణులు)
e.g.: The Himalayas
The Alps Mountains
The Himalayas are situated in the Northeast of India
5. Before the names of Superlative degrees
e.g.: The tallest, The largest, The longest
The Ganga is the longest river in India
6. Before the nouns which refers to things unique (విశిష్టమైనవి)
The Sun, The Earth, The Moon, The Sky
The earth revolves round the sun
7. Before the names of Deserts (ఎడారుల పేర్ల ముందు)
e.g.: The Sahara desert
The Thar desert
The Sahara is the largest desert in the world
8. Canals (కాలువలు)
e.g.: The Panama canal
The Sueg canal
The Kc canal
The Suez canal was opened in 1869
9. Before the names of caves (గుహల పేర్ల ముందు)
e.g.: The Ajantha and Ellora caves
The Borra caves
The Ajantha and Ellora caves are in Maharashtra
10. Before the names of Islands (ఐలాండ్ పేర్ల ముందు)
e.g.: The West Indies
The Greenlands
My friend is in the West Indies
11. Before the names of poles (ధ్రువాలు)
e.g.: The North pole
The South pole
The North pole is the last point in the North
12. Before the names of Directions (దిక్కులు)
e.g.: The East, The North
The West, The South
The Sun rises in the East
13. Before the names of water falls (జలపాతాలు)
e.g.: The Nayagara water Falls
The Talakona water Falls
The Talakona water falls are in AP
14. Before the names of Lakes (సరస్సులు)
e.g.: The Pulicot lake
The Kolleru lake
15. Before the names of Imaginary lines (ఊహారేఖలు)
e.g.: The equator
The Greenich line
The Equator is the longest, largest altitude on the earth
16. Before the names of Sir Names (వంశం పేర్లు)
e.g.: The Tatas
The Birlas
The Gandhies
I was invited by the Tatas family
17. Before the names of Designations (హోదాలు)
e.g.: The collector of Nalgonda District
The Chief Minister of Telangana
The Chief Minister of Telangana met the President of India 2 days ago.
18. Before the names of Departments (విభాగాలు)
e.g.: The department of Education
The department of Irrigation
Latha is working the department of pharmacy
19. Before the names of Historical constructions (చరిత్రాత్మక నిర్మాణాలు)
e.g.: The Charminar, The Taj Mahal
We visited the Taj Mahal last year
20. Before the names of Abbreviative type of countries (అబ్రివేషన్లా ఉన్న దేశాల పేర్ల ముందు)
e.g.: The USA, The UK, The USSR, The UAE, The US
She is doing MBA in the UK
21. Before the names of Inventions (ఆవిష్కరణలు)
e.g.: The Radio, The Television
The Radio was invented by Marconi
22. Before the names of Musical instruments (సంగీత వాయిద్య పరికరాలు)
e.g.: The drum, The veena, The tabla
Srikrishna plays the flute
23. In Comparatives
The higher you 90, The Cooler you feel
The more you earn, The more you spend
24. Before the names of Nationality (జాతీయత)
e.g.: The chinese
The spanish
The Britishers ruled India 200 Years
25. Before the names of Political Parties
e.g.: The BJP
The CPI
The TRS
A senior Politician from the BJP will join the TRS tomorrow
26. Before the name of news papers, magazines, novels, epics
e.g.: The Hindu
The Megha sandesham
The Ramayana
The Mahabharatha
I have read the Ramayana recently
27. Before the names of organization, associations, federations, groups, committees and commissions
e.g.: The UNO
The football Federation of India
The srikrishna commitee
There are 193 countries in the UNO
28. Before the names of languages in the meaning of People (ప్రజలు అనే అర్థంలో languages ముందు The ఉపయోగించాలి)
Telugu = తెలుగు భాష
The telugu = తెలుగు ప్రజలు/తెలుగు మాట్లాడేవారు
English = ఇంగ్లిష్ భాష
The English = ఇంగ్లిష్ ప్రజలు/ఇంగ్లిష్ మాట్లాడే ప్రజలు
* English is an international language
* Telugu is a difficult language
29. Before the names of adjectives in the meaning of people (ప్రజలు అనే అర్థంలో adjectives ముందు the ఉపయోగించాలి)
Rich = ధనిక
The rich = ధనికులు/ధనిక ప్రజలు
Poor = పేద
The poor = పేదలు/పేద ప్రజలు
The rich should help the poor
30. Before the names of Comparative degree of adjectives if the comparision is in between two objects (Comparision అనేది రెండు objects మద్యనే ఉన్నపుడు comparitive degree of adjective ముందు The ఉపయోగించాలి)
e.g.: Of the two brothers ravi is the taller
Of the two sisters ramya is the more beautiful
31. To denote particularity (ప్రత్యేకించి చెప్పే సందర్భంల్శో)
The girl who is standing there is my sister.-
The book which you asked me is out of print.
32. When common nouns come second time (common noun రెండోసారి వచ్చినప్పుడు)
e.g.: I saw a girl yesterday, the girl is very beautiful we visited a temple last year, the temple is an ancient one.
33. In comparision (పోల్చే సందర్భంలో)
Bombay is the Monchester of India
Telugu is the Italian of the east
Ooty is the Kashmir of south india
34. ఒక Novel or Poem or Writingకు ఒకే రచయిత అయితే 'The' వాడాలి; ఒకరి కంటే ఎక్కువ మంది రచయితలు ఉంటే a or an వాడాలి.
e.g.: Valmiki is the author of the Ramayana
Nannaiah is an author of the Mahabharatha
Note: మహాభారతాన్ని తెలుగులోకి అనువాదం చేసిన వాళ్లలో నన్నయ్య ఒకరు అని అర్ధం
35. Before the words like middle, top, end, next, first, last, centre,
Go and take the next right
It is the last warning to you
Omission of Articles
1. Before proper Nouns
... Ravi is my close friend
... Delhi is the capital of India
2. Before Common Noun
... Man is mortal
... woman is men’s mate
3. Before Adstract Nouns
... love is blind
... Honesty is the policy
4. Before Material Nouns
... Gold is costly
... Iron is Available here
5. Before the names of Games
Sachin plays ... Cricket
Sania plays ... Tennis
6. Before the names of relations
... Mother came here yesterday
... Father will give you money tomorrow
7. Before the names of Meal items
I take ... tiffin daily
Did you eat ... lunch here an hour ago
8. Before the names of singular peak or mountain of hill
... Everest is the highest peak in the world
... Dodabetta is the highest Mountain in the nilagiries
9. ... Before the names of designations if the names come immediately
... Cheif Minister will invite modi next week
10. Before the names of languages
... Telugu is a beautiful language
... English is an international language
Previous bits which were asked in Police exams
1. Now a days .......... cost of education is increasing
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
2. His mother was .......... american though his father was .......... european
1) an, a 2) an, an 3) a, an 4) a, a
3. .......... carbondioxide extinguiser is .......... best thing to put out an electric fire
1) an, the 2) a, the 3) the, the 4) a, an
4. .......... Bermuda triangle is .......... stretch over the Atlantic Ocean
1) a, the 2) the, the 3) the, a 4) an, the
5. .......... old man at the bus stop is .......... notorious criminal
a) an, the 2) the, a 3) an, a 4) a, the
Answers: 1-3 2-1 3-2 4-3 5-3
Practice Bits - 1
1. Bill Gates is .......... Kubhera of Modern times
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
2. .......... water in this pond is polluted, Don’t use it
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
3. It is .......... beautiful car
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
4. What .......... idea it is!
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
5. I need .......... few Volunteers
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
6. .......... pacific is the deepest Ocean in the world
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
7. Is this an oxford or .......... cambridge publication?
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
8. My office is on .......... second floor
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
9. What is .......... time now
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
10. I didn’t remember .......... story which he told me
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
Answers: 1-3 2-3 3-1 4-2 5-1 6-3 7-1 8-3 9-3 10-3
Practice Bits - 2
1. .......... French defeated .......... Germans
1) the, the 2) the, a 3) a, the 4) a, a
2. .......... poem is very interesting
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
3. Simplicity is .......... rare virtue
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
4. They came by .......... car, which fell into a river
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
5. He will come to Hyderabad in .......... car
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
6. It is already late let us go the .......... bed
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
7. .......... Delhi is the capital of India
a) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
8. Ceylon is .......... island
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
9. Banaras is .......... holy city
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
10. Twelve inches make .......... foot
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
Answers: 1-1 2-3 3-1 4-3 5-1 6-4 7-4 8-2 9-1 10-1
Practice Bits - 3
1. Kodi Ramamurthy is .......... Bhima of Modern times
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
2. One must learn to distinguish .......... good from .......... bad
1) the, the 2) the, a 3) a, the 4) a, a
3. .......... year for .......... indolent man is .......... longest period
1) the, a, an 2) the, an, a 3) a, an, the 4) an, an, the
4. .......... water which is in the tank is dirty and is not fit for drinking
1) a few 2) a little 3) little d) the little
5. Is there .......... hospital in your village
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
6. If you have decided to travel to a foreign country, you have to learn .......... language of that country
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
7. .......... good advertisement should grab the shopper’s attention
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
8. .......... beauty of .......... object can be seen only if we have aesthetic sence
1) an, No article 2) No article, the 3) a, an 4) the, an
9. People today use codes everytime they make .......... online payment
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
10. My younger sister has decided to go to .......... University to study law
1) a 2) an 3) the 4) No article
Answers: 1-3 2-1 3-3 4-4 5-1 6-3 7-1 8-4 9-2 10-3
Kurabalakota Venkata Ramana