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Excretion - The wastage disposing system

I. Conceptual Understanding

1: What does the word excretion mean? What is done in this process?

A: Excretion (In latin ex means out, crenere means shift) is a biological process involved in separation and removal of wastes from body.

2: What is kidney transplantation?

A: The best long term solution for kidney failure (Acute renal failure) is kidney transplantation. A functioning kidney is used in transplantation from a donor preferably a close relative. The kidney that you receive must be a good match to your body, to minimize the chances of rejection of transplanted kidney by the immune system of the host.

Modern clinical procedures have increased the success rate of such complicated technique.

II. Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis

3: Karuna's uncle was admitted in hospital with a kidney problem. When Karuna went to see him, she saw that her uncle was undergoing a process that was filtering wastes in his kidney. If you were Karuna, what questions would you ask the doctor about this process?

A: If I were Karuna, I would ask the doctor the following questions:

* What is the process called as?

* How is it performed?

* Can all the wastes be removed by this process?

* What is the name of the anticoagulant used here?

* How much time does it take to finish this process?

* Is there any long term solution for kidney failure patients?

III. Experimentation and Field Investigation

4: Shabbir observed a goat's excretory system. What happened in your classroom lab activity while observing a goat's or sheep's kidney? Write down your observations and inference.

A: Our teacher has demonstrated a goat's kidney.

We observed the excretory system and the internal parts of the kidney. We noted the observations in our lab records.

Aim: Studying the external and internal features of a kidney

Materials required: 

Freshly collected specimen of sheep / goat's kidney from the butcher or 3D model of a kidney, sharp blade/ scalpel, Tray and a jug of water.

Procedure for observation: Before coming to the class, we washed the kidney thoroughly so that, blood is completely drained from it. We kept the kidney in the tray and observed it carefully. Noted our observations in our observation book. With the help of sharp

blade, we took the longitudinal section of kidney and observed internal structure, in the guidance of our teacher.

Observations: The shape of the kidney is bean shape.

* Colour of the kidney is reddish brown.

* Each kidney is convex on the outer side and concave on the inner side.

* Adrenal glands are attached to the kidneys on the upper portion.

* Two tubes come out of kidneys.

Inference: Kidneys remove garbage from our body.

    They also balance the amount of vitamins, minerals, fat and protein in the blood.

IV. Information Skills and Projects

5: Visit a urologist. Collect information about the diagram given below. Then, write the names of each part and its function in a tabular form.
      


A: This is excretory system of human being. I visited a urologist and collected information about the functions of different vessels and kidneys. I am giving the collected information in the table below.

V. Communication Through Drawing, Model making

6: Draw the diagram of internal structure of kidney and label the parts.

(i) If you happen to go through the process of urine formation and know the details about this process, how would you write the significance of each process in brief?

A:

   


Mechanisms of urine formation:

Formation of urine involves four stages..

i. Glomerular filtration

ii. Tubular reabsorption

iii. Tubular secretion

iv. Concentration of urine

i) Glomerular filtration:

Blood flows from renal artery to glomerulus through afferent arteriole.

ii) Tubular Re-absorption:

Useful substances in primary urine are reabsorbed into peritubular network.

iii) Tubular secretion:

It is the active secretion of waste products by blood capillaries into the urinary tubule.

VI. Appreciation and Aesthetic sense, Values

7: See the pictures given below. Can you state what are the excretions of these plants? How do these excretions help us?


              Cassia                                   Acacia                                  Pinus


                 Neem                                    Jatropa                             Rubber plant

A:

 Name of the plant  Secretion                   Use
 Cassia  Tannins  Tannins are used in tanning of leather and in medicines.
 Acacia   Tannins  Tannins are used in tanning of leather and in medicines.
 Pinus  Resin  These are used in varnishes.
 Neem  Gums  Economically, gums are valuable being used as adhesives and binding agents in the preparation of the medicines, food, etc.
 Jatropa  Latex  Latex from jatropa is the source of bio-diesel.
 Rubber  Latex  From the latex of Hevea braziliensis (Rubber plant) rubber is prepared.

VII. Application to daily life, Concern to biodiversity

8: What is the result of the metabolic activities happening in our body?

A: A number of reactions take place during various metabolic activities. Many useful substances and energy are produced.

* At the same time many other things happen such as, toxic wastes may be produced, water content may increase, ionic balance in the body may be disturbed.

* The waste products include carbon dioxide, water, nitrogenous compounds like Ammonia, Urea, Uric acid, bile pigments, excess salts etc

* The most poisonous of all waste products of metabolism is Ammonia

    Name of the part of excretory system            Function
 * Kidney  Filters waste from the blood.
 * Ureter  Carry waste from the kidney to the bladder
 * Urinary bladder  Stores liquid waste
 * Urethra  Carry liquid waste of the body
 * External opening  Passes urine out
 * Renal vein  Transports blood out of the kidney.
 * Renal artery  Takes blood into the kidney
 * Adrenal gland  The adrenals produce hormones that help balance your blood sugar and manage your daily ebbs and flows of energy.
 * Posterior vena cava  The vena cava is the biggest vein in the body and it brings the deoxygenated from all the tissues of the body back to the heart. The posterior vena cava is the upper part of this vein and it brings blood back to the heart the deoxygenated blood from systems such as the excretory.
 * Dorsal aorta  The dorsal aorta is the main artery that carries blood all around the body, including excretory system, except lungs
 (You can prepare such tables for the structure of nephron and mechanisms)

Posted Date : 24-11-2021

గమనిక : ప్రతిభ.ఈనాడు.నెట్‌లో కనిపించే వ్యాపార ప్రకటనలు వివిధ దేశాల్లోని వ్యాపారులు, సంస్థల నుంచి వస్తాయి. మరి కొన్ని ప్రకటనలు పాఠకుల అభిరుచి మేరకు కృత్రిమ మేధస్సు సాంకేతికత సాయంతో ప్రదర్శితమవుతుంటాయి. ఆ ప్రకటనల్లోని ఉత్పత్తులను లేదా సేవలను పాఠకులు స్వయంగా విచారించుకొని, జాగ్రత్తగా పరిశీలించి కొనుక్కోవాలి లేదా వినియోగించుకోవాలి. వాటి నాణ్యత లేదా లోపాలతో ఈనాడు యాజమాన్యానికి ఎలాంటి సంబంధం లేదు. ఈ విషయంలో ఉత్తర ప్రత్యుత్తరాలకు, ఈ-మెయిల్స్ కి, ఇంకా ఇతర రూపాల్లో సమాచార మార్పిడికి తావు లేదు. ఫిర్యాదులు స్వీకరించడం కుదరదు. పాఠకులు గమనించి, సహకరించాలని మనవి.

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