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Cloze Test - 4

PASSAGE

Global warming, also known as climate change, is a phenomenon that has been a topic of concern for scientists, policymakers, and the public for many years. It refers to the ........ (1) ........ increase in the Earth's average surface temperature, primarily due to the increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. The most ........ (2) ........ greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), which trap heat from the sun and prevent it from escaping back into space, leading to an increase in the Earth's temperature. The issue of global warming has gained widespread attention due to its potential to cause severe environmental, social, and economic consequences. The impacts of global warming are being felt around the world, including more frequent and severe heat waves, droughts, floods, hurricanes, and other extreme weather events. These events are not only dangerous but also costly, causing billions of dollars in damage and lost productivity each year. The causes of global warming are primarily due to human activities, particularly the burning of ........ (3) ........ fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, which releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Deforestation, which reduces the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide, is also a significant contributor to global warming. In addition to these anthropogenic factors, natural events such as volcanic eruptions and solar activity can also influence the Earth's temperature, although their impact is comparatively small. The consequences of global warming can be ........ (4) ........, and if not addressed, they will continue to worsen. The melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, for example, leads to rising sea levels, which can cause flooding in low-lying areas and the displacement of millions of people. Ocean acidification, caused by the absorption of carbon dioxide into the oceans, can lead to the destruction of coral reefs, which are important habitats for a diverse range of marine species. Another major concern associated with global warming is its impact on agriculture and food security. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can ........ (5) ........ crop yields, leading to food shortages and increased prices, particularly in developing countries. The loss of biodiversity resulting from the destruction of ecosystems can also have significant consequences for food security. The economic impacts of global warming are also significant. Extreme weather events can damage infrastructure and ........ (6) ........ (appease) supply chains, leading to lost productivity and increased costs. In addition, the costs associated with mitigating and adapting to the effects of global warming can be substantial, including investments in renewable energy, infrastructure upgrades, and research and development. To address global warming, a range of measures is needed. These include reducing ........ (7) ........ (pollute) gas emissions by transitioning to cleaner energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and encouraging sustainable land use practices. In addition, efforts must be made to ........ (8) ........ (disregard) to the impacts of global warming, such as building infrastructure that can withstand extreme weather events and developing ........ (9) ........ (drought) crops. The role of governments, businesses, and individuals is crucial in addressing global warming. Governments can set regulations and incentives to promote the transition to cleaner energy sources and sustainable practices. Businesses can reduce their carbon footprint and invest in sustainable technologies. Individuals can make lifestyle changes, such as reducing energy consumption, driving less, and eating less meat, to reduce their impact on the environment. The international community has also taken steps to address global warming. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in 1992 to ........ (10) ........ (dispose) climate change at the global level. The Paris Agreement, which was adopted in 2015, aims to keep global temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The agreement requires all parties to submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) outlining their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of global warming.

Model Questions

Directions (Qs. 1 - 5): In the above passage, there are blanks each of which has been numbered from 1 to 5. Against each number, five words are suggested and only one word fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in all the cases.

1. Select the most appropriate option for ... (1) ...

A) ordinal      B) seldom      C) extraordinary       D) drastic        E) gradual

Explanation: Global warming refers to the longterm trend of rising average global temperatures of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans over the past century. The rise in temperatures is very slow and gradual as the Earth's temperature has risen just about 1 degree Celsius gradually over the past century. But this much rise in temperatures has shown significant impacts on the planet's climate, including rising sea levels, more frequent and severe heatwaves, droughts, floods, and storms, as well as disruptions to ecosystems, food production, and human health.

Ans: E

2. Select the most appropriate option for ... (2) ...

A) similar      B) nominal     C) interdict       D) significant      E) secret

Explanation: The word ‘significant’ means “very important”. Greenhouse gases are the gases present in the Earth's atmosphere that trap heat and contribute to the natural greenhouse effect that keeps the planet habitable. Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, which warms the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Without these gases, the Earth's average temperature would be about −18 degrees Celsius, which is too cold to support most forms of life. The most common greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases.

Ans: D

3. Select the most appropriate option for ... (3) ...

A) renewable      B) petrol      C) fossil      D) solar      E) hydro

Explanation: “Fossil fuels” are non-renewable energy sources that are formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. The three main types of fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are extracted from the Earth through mining, drilling, and fracking, and are used to generate electricity, make petrochemicals, etc. Fossil fuels are the primary source of energy for the world's economies, accounting for more than 80% of global energy consumption. However, burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), into the atmosphere, which contribute to global warming and climate change.

Ans: C

4. Select the most appropriate option for ... (4) ...

A) creative B) devastating C) flourishing D) excellent E) constructive

Explanation: The word "devastating" refers to something that causes severe and widespread damage or destruction. It implies that the impact of an event or action is so significant that it causes long-lasting, negative consequences that are difficult to recover from. If the problem of ‘global warming’ is not addressed properly, the Earth will face devastating impacts such as rise in ocean levels, floods, droughts, etc.

Ans: B

5. Select the most appropriate option for ... (5) ...

A) affect      B) effect      C) attract     D) abstract      E) extract

Explanation: In the context of global warming, the term "affect" is often used to describe the impacts and consequences of rising temperatures and greenhouse gas emissions on the planet and its inhabitants. Global warming is affecting the polar ice caps, causing them to melt at an unprecedented rate. Rising sea levels, a direct result of global warming, are affecting coastal communities around the world. The increased frequency and intensity of heatwaves and droughts are affecting crop yields and food security in many regions. If we don't take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, global warming will continue to affect the planet and its inhabitants for generations to come.

Ans: A

Directions (Qs. 6 - 10): In the above passage, certain phrases/ words are printed in bold, numbered from 6-10. Find out if there is an error in any of the given bold words. If there is any error, find the correct alternatives from the options given below each of the questions to make the sentence grammatically correct. If the given word is grammatically correct or does not require any correction, choose "No correction required" as your answer.

6. Select the most appropriate option for ... (6) ...

A) disrupt     B) abrupt     C) decrease    D) adopt     E) No correction required

Explanation: The word ‘disrupt’ is the appropriate word here. In the context of global warming, the word ‘disrupt’ is used to describe the negative impacts of climate change on different aspects of the planet and human society. As per the passage, global warming is disrupting weather patterns, leading to more frequent and severe natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, and wildfires. Climate change is disrupting agricultural systems, with changing temperatures and rainfall patterns leading to decreased crop yields and food shortages. Also, the impacts of global warming are disrupting economies, with increased costs for disaster response and adaptation measures.

Ans: A

7. Select the most appropriate option for ... (7) ...

A) green air     B) greenhouse      C) carbon      D) chemical      E) No correction required

Explanation: The word ‘greenhouse’ is the appropriate word here. Greenhouse gases are natural gases in the Earth's atmosphere that trap heat and contribute to the natural greenhouse effect that keeps the planet habitable. The most common greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases. Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, which warms the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Without these gases, the Earth's average temperature would be about −18 degrees Celsius, which is too cold to support most forms of life.

Ans: B

8. Select the most appropriate option for ... (8) ...

A) adverse     B) abandon     C) adapt    D) accurate     E) No correction required

Explanation: The word ‘adapt’ is the appropriate word here. The word "adapt" can be used as a verb to refer to the act of changing or adjusting to a new situation, environment, or condition. As the Earth's climate changes due to global warming, it is essential for humans to adapt to the changing conditions. This can include actions such as developing more efficient and sustainable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions, and implementing strategies to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather events. Additionally, adaptation can involve changes to infrastructure, such as designing buildings and roads that can withstand rising sea levels and increased flooding, etc.

Ans: C

9. Select the most appropriate option for ... (9) ...

A) drought-chosen      B) drought-friendly    C) drought-prone      D) drought-resistant    E) No correction required

Explanation: The word ‘drought-resistant’ is the appropriate word here. Droughtresistant crops are plant varieties that have been specifically bred or genetically modified to survive extended periods of drought or water scarcity. These crops have the ability to grow and produce a reasonable yield, even when there is limited water available for irrigation. Drought-resistant crops can help to address the issue of food security in regions that are prone to drought or water scarcity. They can also help farmers to reduce their water usage and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Ans: D

10. Select the most appropriate option for .. (10) ..

A) address     B) abandon     C) discontinue    D) discard     E) No correction required

Explanation: The word ‘address’ is the appropriate word here. The word 'address' in the context of global warming means to tackle or deal with a problem or challenge effectively. Addressing global warming refers to taking specific steps to mitigate or adapt to the impacts of climate change on the environment, human society, and the economy. As per the given paragraph, The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in 1992 to address climate change at the global level.

Ans: A

Posted Date : 21-03-2023

గమనిక : ప్రతిభ.ఈనాడు.నెట్‌లో కనిపించే వ్యాపార ప్రకటనలు వివిధ దేశాల్లోని వ్యాపారులు, సంస్థల నుంచి వస్తాయి. మరి కొన్ని ప్రకటనలు పాఠకుల అభిరుచి మేరకు కృత్రిమ మేధస్సు సాంకేతికత సాయంతో ప్రదర్శితమవుతుంటాయి. ఆ ప్రకటనల్లోని ఉత్పత్తులను లేదా సేవలను పాఠకులు స్వయంగా విచారించుకొని, జాగ్రత్తగా పరిశీలించి కొనుక్కోవాలి లేదా వినియోగించుకోవాలి. వాటి నాణ్యత లేదా లోపాలతో ఈనాడు యాజమాన్యానికి ఎలాంటి సంబంధం లేదు. ఈ విషయంలో ఉత్తర ప్రత్యుత్తరాలకు, ఈ-మెయిల్స్ కి, ఇంకా ఇతర రూపాల్లో సమాచార మార్పిడికి తావు లేదు. ఫిర్యాదులు స్వీకరించడం కుదరదు. పాఠకులు గమనించి, సహకరించాలని మనవి.

 

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