Parajumbles are known by many names. They are called jumbled sentences or paragraph jumbles as well. In such types of questions, you are given a list of sentences and you would be told to arrange them in a way so that they form a meaningful paragraph.
Here are some of the tricks:
* Read the sentences closely to get the main idea of the small passage.
* The author makes a statement about a topic in one of the sentences in one of the four sentences. Identify that sentence and place it at the beginning of passage and then try to find the support statement for the subject and then arrange the remaining sentences.
* One of the best ways to solve these types of questions is by eliminating the options.
Directions (Qs. 1 - 10): Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the right order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
1. P. A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.
Q. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size.
R. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water.
S. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as creek, brook, rivulet, and rill.
A) PQRS B) PRSQ C) QRSP D) SRPQ E) SPRQ
Ans: B
2. P. This includes the study of lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, springs, streams, wetlands, and groundwater.
Q. Limnology is the study of inland aquatic ecosystems.
R. Water systems are often categorized as either running (lotic) or standing.
S. The study of limnology includes aspects of the biological, chemical, physical, and geological characteristics of fresh and saline, natural and man-made bodies of water.
A) PRQS B) PQRS C) QPSR D) QSPR E) QRSP
Ans: D
3. P. A planet retains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low.
Q. stars of low temperature might have outer atmospheres containing compound molecules.
R. A stellar atmosphere is the outer region of a star, which includes the layers above the opaque photosphere;
S. An atmosphere is a layer of gas or layers of gases that envelope a planet, and is held in place by the gravity of the planetary body.
A) SPRQ B) PQRS C) SRPQ D) PRQS E) QRSP
Ans: A
4. P. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species.
Q. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied.
R. Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized.
S. Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks.
A) SRPQ B) PSQR C) SPQR D) RPSQ E) QPRS
Ans: A
5. P. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate subphylum Vertebrata.
Q. The majority of animal species are invertebrates; one estimate puts the figure at 97%.
R. Invertebrates are species of animal that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord.
S. Familiar examples of invertebrates include arthropods, mollusks, annelids, echinoderms and cnidarians.
A) RSPQ B) RQSP C) RPQS D) RPSQ E) SRPQ
Ans: D
6. P. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about 106,460,000 km2.
Q. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe and Asia from the "New World" of the Americas in the European perception of the World.
R. The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the East, and the Americas to the West.
S. It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area.
A) PQRS B) PSQR C) SPQR D) QPSR E) RSPQ
Ans: B
7. P. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the North, the Atlantic Ocean to the West, the Mediterranean Sea to the South and Asia to the East.
Q. Comprising the Westernmost peninsulas of Eurasia, it shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa.
R. Europe is a continent, also recognised as a part of Eurasia, located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in theEastern Hemisphere.
S. Europe is commonly considered to be separatedfrom Asia by the watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the
Black Sea and the waterways of the Turkish Straits.
A) RSPQ B) RPQS C) RQPS
D) RQSP E) SQPR
Ans: C
8. P. Latitude is an angle which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the poles.
Q. Latitude is used together with longitude to specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth.
R. Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run East-West as circles parallel to the equator.
S. In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the North-South position of a point on the Earth's surface.
A) SRPQ B) SPRQ C) QRSP D) PQRS E) RPQS
Ans: B
9. P. Covering the Northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a 96- mile (154-kilometre) border with England to the South-East and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the North and West, the North Sea to the North-East and the Irish Sea to the South.
Q. It also contains more than 790 islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles.
R. Most of the population, including the capital Edinburgh, is concentrated in the Central Belt - the plain between the Scottish Highlands and the Southern Uplands - in the Scottish Lowlands.
S. Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
A) SPQR B) PSQR C) SRPQ D) QPSR E) RPSQ
Ans: A
10. P. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory (see territorial disputes), one government, and the capacity to enter
into relations with other sovereign states.
Q. According to the declarative theory of statehood, a sovereign state can exist without being recognised by other sovereign states.
R. A sovereign state, also known as a sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one centralised government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory.
S. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is independent.
A) RQSP B) RPSQ C) SPQR D) PRQS E) QPSR
Ans: B
